Public offer for the provision of services

Individual Entrepreneur Andrei Viktorovich Svirin, INN 772872317733, OGRNIP 322774600176722, hereinafter the “Service Provider”, offers individuals, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities, hereinafter the “Client”, a contract for paid services involving political science examination of information materials, preparation of specialist opinions, including those based on reviews of expert reports, and other agreed deliverables. The Offer is published at: https://polit-expert.moscow/legal/public-offer/.

1. Terms and Status of the Document

1.1. Offer means this document, which contains the general terms of the contract and is addressed to an indefinite group of persons within the meaning of paragraph 2 of Article 437 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

1.2. Request means an enquiry submitted by the Customer through the website, email, messenger, telephone or another method, describing the material, task and proposed questions. A Request does not itself constitute acceptance of the Offer or oblige the Provider to undertake the examination.

1.3. Order Invoice means a paper document, electronic document or electronic message prepared by the Service Provider that defines the individual terms of a particular order: the type of service, object, questions, materials, price, payment procedure, time frame, format of the result and other particulars. The Order Invoice becomes part of the contract upon acceptance of the Offer.

1.4. Services: contractual extrajudicial political science examination of information materials within the scope of specialist knowledge, preparation of a written Specialist Opinion, including one based on review of an expert report, and other actions expressly listed in the Order Invoice.

1.5. Specialist Opinion means the written result of a contractual examination, setting out the examination process, professional judgements and findings within the specialist's competence.

1.6. Object of examination: a text, publication, image, audio or video recording, political campaign material, programme, manifesto, slogan, symbols, expert report, procedural document, digital data or other material specified in the Order Invoice.

1.7. Materials means documents, copies of case materials, images, audio and video recordings, links, contextual information and other data supplied for the examination by the Customer, their representative, advocate or defence counsel, or another person in lawful possession of the relevant materials.

1.8. Client means an individual, individual entrepreneur or legal entity that has entered into a contract with the Service Provider by accepting this Offer. The terms of the Offer apply to Clients regardless of their legal status, unless otherwise expressly provided by mandatory provisions of the legislation of the Russian Federation. If legislation grants additional rights and guarantees to a particular category of Clients, the provisions of the Offer do not restrict such rights and guarantees. The Client may order an examination in the interests of another person if this complies with the law and the nature of the service. The recipient of the result is specified separately; such an order in itself does not confirm authority to represent another person or that person's consent to the processing of their data.

1.9. Payer means the Customer or a third party who pays a particular Invoice-Order on the Customer's instructions or in their interests. Payment by a third party does not entitle that person to demand a predetermined finding or by itself make them a recipient of the Report, unless otherwise specified by the Customer.

1.10. Representative/Defence Counsel means an advocate, defence counsel, the Customer's representative or another authorised person who may, on the Customer's instructions, submit materials, formulate questions within the scope of those instructions and receive the deliverable, provided that authority is confirmed by a message from the Customer, a power of attorney, an advocate's warrant or another permitted method.

2. Conclusion of the Contract and Acceptance

2.1. Before preparing an Order Invoice, the Service Provider may assess whether the materials are sufficient, the assignment falls within their competence, there is no conflict of interest, the time frame can be met and the necessary conditions are in place. Before acceptance, the Service Provider may decline to prepare an Order Invoice without giving reasons.

2.2. Full and unconditional acceptance of the Offer occurs when the Customer, or a third party on the Customer's behalf, pays the full price of the services or the partial payment expressly provided for in the Invoice-Order, with a reference sufficient to identify the particular order. The amount of the payment constituting acceptance is specified in the Invoice-Order. When using online payment, the Customer also confirms agreement to the Offer and the individual terms of the Invoice-Order.

2.3. The contract is deemed concluded when the payment constituting acceptance of the Offer is credited to the Service Provider's account or when such payment is confirmed by the payment operator. The requirement for the contract to be in writing is deemed satisfied.

2.4. The contract consists of the Offer, the accepted Order Invoice, the Request and the documents and messages agreed by the Parties. Separately signing a paper contract or individual assignment is not required to accept the Offer in the manner it provides, although the Parties may agree to prepare and sign them on paper. The use of electronic documents and electronic exchange channels is not mandatory.

2.5. The Order Invoice is an integral part of the concluded contract and contains the individual terms of a particular order, including the type of examination, object, questions, materials, cost, payment procedure, time frame and other agreed particulars of the provision of services. If there is a discrepancy between the general terms of the Offer and the specific terms of the Order Invoice, the terms of the Order Invoice apply, provided that they do not conflict with mandatory requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation or restrict the rights granted to the Client by such requirements.

2.6. The Service Provider may amend and supplement this Offer by publishing a new version at the address specified in this Offer. The new version applies only to contracts accepted after the date of its publication and does not change the terms of previously concluded contracts. Separate notification of persons who have not accepted the Offer about the publication of a new version is not required. The version of the Offer specified in the relevant Order Invoice applies to a previously concluded contract. The terms of an already concluded contract may be changed by written agreement of the Parties, including by means of an addendum, a new Order Invoice or an exchange of electronic messages that reliably establishes the intentions of the Parties. The Service Provider may, without separate notice, correct obvious typographical errors, technical errors and inaccuracies in the published text, provided that such corrections do not change the subject matter, cost, time frames, payment procedure, scope of the Parties' obligations or other terms of previously concluded contracts. The Service Provider maintains an archive of versions of the Offer and information about their periods of validity.

2.7. The Order Invoice may be provided to the Client on paper in person, by post or by a delivery service, or sent to an agreed email address, including as a PDF file or the text of an electronic message, through an electronic document management system or another agreed channel. The method of provision is agreed by the Parties; an electronic format is not mandatory. Before making the payment constituting acceptance, the Client is provided with the individual terms of the order and the applicable version of the Offer on paper or electronically, including by means of a link. Separately signing the Order Invoice is not required unless a different procedure is expressly established in it or by law. Merely providing the Order Invoice without the prescribed acceptance does not mean that a contract has been concluded.

3. Subject Matter and Scope of Services

3.1. The Provider undertakes to carry out the agreed contractual examination, prepare a Specialist Opinion or other deliverable specified in the Invoice-Order, and provide it to the Customer or their designated representative; the Customer undertakes to supply the necessary materials and accept and pay for the services.

3.2. The type of examination, list of materials, questions, deliverable format, price, timeframe and special terms are specified in the Invoice-Order.

3.3. The Provider examines only the agreed materials and questions. Additional materials, new questions, substantial changes to the brief or preparation of supplements constitute additional services, unless otherwise agreed in writing.

3.4. A Specialist Opinion, including one prepared following a review of an expert report, may be supplied to an advocate or defence counsel, and submitted by the defence or another participant to a court, investigative authority, public authority, organisation or another recipient. The Provider does not guarantee that the document will be admitted, accepted or assessed in a particular way by a court or another person.

3.5. The service under this Offer does not include legal representation and does not automatically constitute the appointment of a forensic examination by a procedural act. If the examination is commissioned by a court, investigator or another authorised body, the procedural rules are determined by the applicable legislation and the appointment document.

4. Independence and Quality of the Examination

4.1. The Service Provider signing the Report remains independent, has no financial or other interest in a predetermined result and formulates conclusions on the basis of specialist knowledge, the materials examined and the methods applied.

4.2. The Client may not exert pressure, demand the exclusion of unfavourable information, the selection of a method contrary to the specialist's professional opinion or a predetermined conclusion.

4.3. Payment is due for the activities involved in carrying out the examination and preparing the Report, rather than for obtaining a result that matches the Client's expectations or legal position.

4.4. The Client's disagreement with objectively substantiated conclusions, failure to obtain the expected result or a third party's refusal to accept the Report do not in themselves indicate inadequate quality of the service.

4.5. The Service Provider corrects typographical, arithmetic and other obvious technical errors they have made at no additional charge. Changes to the assignment, examination of new materials or preparation of new conclusions are charged separately.

4.6. Information about the Provider's professional training. Depending on the subject of the particular examination, the Specialist Opinion identifies the relevant education and professional training documents, including:

1) higher education: bachelor's degree in Linguistics, 2023;

2) higher education: master's degree in Psychology, specialising in Social Psychology, 2023;

3) professional retraining in Sociology and Political Science, 2026;

4) professional retraining under the programme “Forensic Linguistic Examination: Analytical and Expert Work of a Practising Philologist”, 2019;

5) diploma on completion of postgraduate studies in Jurisprudence, qualification “Researcher. Lecturer-Researcher”, 2025.

4.7. Specific information about the Service Provider's education, professional retraining, continuing professional development, certification and other documents relevant to the examination concerned may be stated in the Order Invoice, the Specialist Report or its appendices.

4.8. At the Client's request, the Service Provider provides, for review, information about education and qualification documents relevant to the subject matter of the agreed examination. Copies of documents may be provided with information unrelated to confirmation of qualifications redacted.

4.9. Representations concerning education, qualifications and the absence of impediments to carrying out the activity do not constitute a guarantee of a predetermined conclusion of the examination, acceptance of the Specialist Report by a court, government authority or another person, or the Client's achievement of a particular judicial, administrative, insurance or commercial outcome.

4.10. If, after the contract has been concluded, the Service Provider establishes that the agreed questions fall wholly or partly outside the scope of their specialist knowledge or that answering them requires a specialist with different qualifications, the Service Provider notifies the Client and proposes changing the assignment, engaging the appropriate specialist or discontinuing performance in the relevant part, with settlement in accordance with the rules of this Offer.

5. Rights and Obligations of the Service Provider

5.1. The Provider must act in good faith, comply with the agreed scope of services, safeguard the materials and original documents received, refrain from disclosing confidential information, and notify the Customer if it becomes impossible to continue the examination.

5.2. The Service Provider may independently select scientifically and methodologically substantiated examination methods within the scope of the assignment, unless special conditions are agreed in the Order Invoice.

5.3. The Provider may request additional materials, documents, context, explanations and information needed for the examination and suspend the service period until they are received.

5.4. The Provider may decline to prepare a Report or propose changes to the brief if the questions fall outside their specialist knowledge, the materials are insufficient or unsuitable, a conflict of interest is identified, the examination or use of the materials clearly contravenes the law, or necessary conditions are absent.

5.5. The Report is signed personally by the specialist named in the Invoice-Order. Where necessary, individual questions may be examined by additional specialists with the appropriate qualifications, with the Customer's agreement; their participation and results are recorded in the Report where relevant.

5.6. The Service Provider may send requests to third parties, but does not guarantee a response and does not acquire any official powers under this contract to demand information.

6. Rights and Obligations of the Client

6.1. The Customer must provide complete and accurate information and materials and disclose known circumstances of their origin, publication, editing, distribution and previous examination where these may affect the findings.

6.2. The Client ensures that there are lawful grounds for obtaining and transferring the object and materials, the necessary permissions, consents or other grounds provided by law for their use in the agreed examination. If materials are transferred by a representative/defence counsel or another person, the Client informs the Service Provider of this. The Service Provider may request confirmation of authority and the legal basis for the transfer. Representations by the Client or the person making the transfer do not release the Service Provider from their own obligations to comply with legislation.

6.3. The Customer must enable the Provider to lawfully examine the materials and, where necessary, provide information about procedural or contractual restrictions on their use and disclosure.

6.4. The Client must respond promptly to the Service Provider's requests, approve additional expenses, accept the result and make payment.

6.5. The Client may obtain information on the progress of the work to an extent that does not compromise the independence of the examination, and may submit substantiated comments concerning the conformity of the service with the Order Invoice.

6.6. The Customer must give advance notice if the materials supplied contain state secrets, information protected by advocate-client privilege, investigation secrecy, commercial, medical or other legally protected secrets, special categories of personal data or other restricted-access information, and must state the applicable restrictions.

6.7. The Client or the person transferring the materials reports any known restrictions on their use and disclosure, including state secrets, commercial secrets, advocate–client privilege, medical confidentiality and other legally protected secrets, information from a preliminary investigation and special categories of personal data. Such materials are transferred only where there is a proper legal basis and the conditions required by the relevant regime are in place. The mere act of sending materials does not override restrictions established by law.

7. Submission, use and return of materials

7.1. Materials may be supplied electronically, on paper or on another medium. Where necessary, the transfer of originals and physical media is confirmed by an inventory, handover record, postal or courier document, or another method establishing the contents and date of transfer.

7.2. Materials may be submitted by the Customer, a payer acting on the Customer's instructions, an advocate or defence counsel, a representative or another person in lawful possession of them. Submission by that person does not mean they are entitled to determine the content of the Provider's professional findings.

7.3. If the materials relate to criminal, civil, administrative or other proceedings, the person submitting them is responsible for having a lawful basis for doing so and informs the Provider of known restrictions on disclosure and use.

7.4. Original documents and physical media are not altered or destroyed without a separate written agreement. Technical copying, format conversion and the creation of working copies are permitted to the extent necessary for the examination.

7.5. Originals and physical media supplied are returned by the method specified in the Invoice-Order or an agreed communication. Electronic working copies are retained and deleted with regard to the contract terms, legal requirements and the need to protect the parties' rights.

7.6. Technical copying of materials, creation of electronic working copies, scanning, text recognition and format conversion are permitted to the extent necessary to complete the agreed order. These actions do not authorise the use of the materials for other purposes, publication or disclosure to unauthorised persons. Original documents and physical media are not altered or destroyed without a separate written agreement.

7.7. Electronic working copies and received files, including copies in email and the storage systems used, are retained only to the extent necessary and for a period justified by performance of the particular contract, mandatory retention periods or an independent lawful basis for protecting the Parties' rights. Excess working copies are deleted once they are no longer needed. Once the purpose has been achieved, the applicable period has expired or the legal basis has ceased, the data are deleted or destroyed within the periods prescribed by law. The conditions and periods for processing personal data are determined by the Personal Data Processing Policy; inquiries that do not result in a contract are subject to the period established by that Policy of no more than 90 calendar days from the last substantive message. This clause does not authorise indefinite retention of all materials and does not imply destruction of originals or physical objects that must be returned.

7.8. Electronic working copies and received files, including copies in email and the storage systems used, are retained only to the extent necessary and for a period justified by performance of the particular contract, mandatory retention periods or an independent lawful basis for protecting the Parties' rights. Excess working copies are deleted once they are no longer needed. Once the purpose has been achieved, the applicable period has expired or the legal basis has ceased, the data are deleted or destroyed within the periods prescribed by law. The conditions and periods for processing personal data are determined by the Personal Data Processing Policy; inquiries that do not result in a contract are subject to the period established by that Policy of no more than 90 calendar days from the last substantive message. This clause does not authorise indefinite retention of all materials and does not imply destruction of originals or physical objects that must be returned.

8. Cost and Payments

8.1. The cost, payment procedure and payment deadlines are specified in the Order Invoice. Unless otherwise specified, services are subject to 100-percent advance payment.

8.2. The Order Invoice may provide for 100-percent advance payment or partial payment followed by payment of the remaining cost. The amount of the payment constituting acceptance of the Offer, the remaining cost and its payment deadline are specified in the Order Invoice.

8.3. In the case of partial payment, the amount paid is credited in full towards the total cost of the services and is not a separate fee for concluding the contract, an earnest-money deposit, a penalty or a commission.

8.4. Payment may be made by the Customer or by a third party on the Customer's behalf. When a third party pays, the payment reference or another communication must contain information identifying the Invoice-Order. Such payment constitutes fulfilment of the corresponding portion of the Customer's monetary obligation once the Provider receives the funds.

8.5. If the Order Invoice provides for payment of the remaining portion of the price after completion of the examination, the Service Provider sends the Client a notice that the Specialist Report is ready and states the amount payable. Unless the Order Invoice establishes a different deadline, the remaining portion of the price must be paid within 3 business days from the date that notice is sent.

8.6. If the Order Invoice provides for payment of the remaining portion of the price after notification that the Specialist Report is ready, the Specialist Report is delivered to the Client after the service fee has been paid in full, unless the Order Invoice expressly establishes a different procedure. If notice that the Specialist Report is ready is sent on time, withholding its delivery until full payment has been received is not considered a breach of the service delivery deadline.

8.7. The value added tax status is stated in the Order Invoice and payment documents.

8.8. The services of additional specialists, obtaining or technically preparing materials, notarial acts, delivery, travel and other additional expenses are not included in the price unless expressly specified in the Invoice-Order. They are incurred only after prior written agreement on the amount or spending limit.

8.9. The Service Provider issues a cash register receipt or another payment document in the cases and in the manner provided for by law. When an advance payment is received and subsequently applied, when final settlement is made, when funds are refunded and in other settlements, cash register receipts are generated with the appropriate settlement and payment method attributes in accordance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation. The cash register receipt is sent to the email address or subscriber telephone number provided by the Client, or delivered by another method provided for by law.

8.10. This Offer establishes no contractual penalty, fine or late payment charge for delayed payment. In the event of delayed payment, the Service Provider may suspend the provision of services or delivery of the Specialist Report until the amount provided for in the Order Invoice has been received, after notifying the Client in advance. The absence of a contractual penalty does not release the Client from the obligation to pay for services actually rendered and agreed expenses.

9. Service delivery period

9.1. The timeframe is specified in the Invoice-Order and begins on the working day following the last of the necessary events: receipt of the required payment, the complete set of materials and mandatory approvals.

9.2. The period is suspended while awaiting materials, answers, access, consent to destructive methods, payment of agreed expenses, elimination of hazardous conditions, and in the event of other obstacles dependent on the Client or third parties.

9.3. If the scope identified substantially exceeds the scope initially anticipated or additional examination is required, the Service Provider sends a proposal to change the period and price. Without agreement, only the initial scope is performed, if technically possible.

9.4. The Service Provider notifies the Client of the delay and the expected new completion date through the agreed communication channel.

10. Delivery of the result and acceptance of services

10.1. The Report is delivered electronically and/or on paper in accordance with the Order Invoice. An electronic copy may be delivered by email, through an electronic document management system, secure storage or another agreed channel. Delivery of the Specialist Report to a representative or another recipient designated by the Client is permitted after confirmation of that person's authority to receive the result. The mere fact of payment or submission of materials is not sufficient grounds for issuing the Report to that person.

10.2. The Service Provider delivers a Certificate of Services Rendered together with the result or separately. As agreed by the Parties, the Certificate is provided on paper in person, by post or through a delivery service, or is sent to the agreed email address as a PDF file, a scanned copy of the signed document or an electronic document signed with an electronic signature, through an electronic document management system or by another agreed method. An electronic format is not mandatory. Providing the Certificate does not in itself mean that it has been signed by the Client; the acceptance procedure is determined by clauses 10.3 and 10.4.

10.3. Within 5 business days from the date of receipt of the Specialist Report and the Certificate of Services Rendered, the Client may sign the Certificate, send reasoned written comments identifying specific nonconformities with the terms of the Order Invoice, or request clarification regarding the delivery procedure or preparation of the result.

10.4. If no reasoned comments are received within the established period, the Service Provider may consider the services accepted within the agreed scope and draw up a unilateral Certificate with evidence that the Specialist Report and the Certificate were sent to the Client attached. Failure to sign the Certificate does not in itself release the Client from payment. This clause does not limit the Client's right to submit claims concerning deficiencies in the service in the cases and within the periods provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

10.5. An electronic message is considered sent to the address or number provided by the Client. Legally significant messages are deemed delivered in accordance with Article 165.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, including when they have reached the recipient but have not been read due to circumstances dependent on the recipient.

11. Withdrawal from the contract and impossibility of performance

11.1. The Client may withdraw from performance of the contract at any time before the services have been fully rendered by sending a notice to the Service Provider at zapros@polit-expert.moscow or to the Service Provider's postal address. Upon withdrawal, the Client reimburses only documented expenses actually incurred by the Service Provider in connection with performance of the specific Order Invoice before receipt of the withdrawal notice. No penalty or other separate fee is charged for withdrawal from the contract. The unused portion of the payment previously made is refunded to the Client after the amount of expenses actually incurred has been determined. If the expenses actually incurred exceed the amount of payment received, the Client pays the corresponding difference on the basis of the calculation and supporting documents sent by the Service Provider.

11.2. Actual expenses are determined on the basis of payment documents, documents from additional specialists, costs of obtaining and technically preparing materials, delivery, travel and other evidence of expenses directly related to carrying out the particular order.

11.3. If performance becomes impossible due to circumstances dependent on the Client, the consequences are determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation, taking into account the scope of actions actually performed and the expenses incurred by the Service Provider. If performance becomes impossible due to circumstances for which neither Party is responsible, the Client reimburses documented expenses actually incurred, unless otherwise provided by mandatory provisions of the legislation of the Russian Federation.

11.4. The Service Provider may withdraw from performance only in the cases and with the consequences permitted by law, including a refund of the unearned portion of the payment and compensation for the Client's losses where such an obligation is established.

11.5. If it is impossible to prepare the Report, the Service Provider sends a reasoned notice and a calculation of the portion actually performed. By agreement, an informational report on the actions performed may be prepared without answers to the questions.

12. Confidentiality and personal data

12.1. The Service Provider maintains the confidentiality of information received during performance of the contract. Access and disclosure are permitted only to the extent necessary where an appropriate legal basis exists: for performance of the contract, participation of an agreed specialist or laboratory, delivery of the result to an authorised recipient designated by the Client, protection of rights or compliance with legal requirements. These cases do not override special restrictions on disclosure of legally protected secrets or processing of personal data.

12.2. Use of the Client's name, business name or trademark, information about the person in whose interests the examination is conducted, the contents of the result, case materials or information about the object in advertising, portfolios and publications is permitted where separate consent from the relevant person or another applicable legal basis exists. The Client's consent does not in itself authorise disclosure of other persons' personal data or protected information.

12.3. Personal data is processed to the extent necessary to receive the Request, conclude and perform the contract, handle payments, examine materials, prepare and provide the deliverable, create necessary working copies, arrange delivery and consider enquiries. Detailed terms are set out in the Personal Data Processing Policy at: https://polit-expert.moscow/legal/privacy-policy/

12.4. Do not submit special categories of personal data or restricted-access information that are unnecessary for the agreed service. If such information is objectively necessary, the Parties determine the applicable legal basis, permissible scope and safeguards before its disclosure. Ordinary acceptance of the Offer is insufficient to replace special consent, authorization or another procedure required by law. In the absence of a proper basis, the information is not used to provide the service; the Service Provider ensures that access is restricted and the information is deleted in the manner provided for by law.

12.5. When working with criminal case materials, the applicable requirements of Article 161 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation are observed. If the provision of information to a specialist is permitted on condition of a written nondisclosure undertaking, that undertaking is executed separately before the relevant disclosure; acceptance of the Offer does not replace it. A proper warning that disclosure is prohibited and the authorizations provided for by law are taken into account when using the materials and delivering the result.

12.6. The obligation to maintain confidentiality continues after performance or termination of the contract within the restrictions established by law and agreed by the Parties. Returning or deleting materials does not authorise disclosure of confidential information previously received.

13. Liability

13.1. The Parties are liable in accordance with the law and the contract.

13.2. The Provider is not liable for consequences arising from inaccurate, incomplete or late information, the absence of material context, alteration or deletion of the examined publication by third parties, or decisions of the court, investigation or other third parties, where the Provider is not at fault.

13.3. The Service Provider does not guarantee any particular judicial, administrative, insurance, commercial or other outcome.

13.4. The terms of this Offer do not apply to the extent that they limit the Client's rights granted by mandatory provisions of the legislation of the Russian Federation. Providing the same or more favourable contractual terms to all Clients does not change the legal status of the Parties as determined by law.

13.5. A Party is released from liability for a breach caused by extraordinary and unavoidable circumstances if it promptly notifies the other Party and substantiates their effect on performance.

14. Exchange of messages, claims and disputes

14.1. The Parties may exchange documents on paper in person, by post or through a delivery service and, by agreement, documents and messages by email, through a messenger, an electronic document management system and other channels that allow the sender and content to be established. The method of exchange is agreed by the Parties; electronic exchange is not mandatory.

14.2. General and contractual enquiries, cancellation notices, refund applications, claims and enquiries concerning personal data processing should be sent to zapros@polit-expert.moscow. The Service Provider's postal address: 117647, Moscow, P.O. Box 15.

14.3. A claim must contain information allowing the Client and the relevant Order Invoice to be identified, a description of the circumstances, a stated demand and supporting materials. The Service Provider considers the claim within the period established by the legislation of the Russian Federation. If no mandatory period is established by law, a response is sent within 15 business days from the date the claim is received.

14.4. The Parties seek to resolve disagreements through negotiations and the exchange of written inquiries. If a dispute cannot be resolved through negotiations, it is referred to a court in accordance with the rules of subject-matter and territorial jurisdiction established by the legislation of the Russian Federation. This Offer does not limit the Client's right to choose a court in cases where that right is granted by law.

14.5. The invalidity of an individual term does not entail the invalidity of the remaining provisions.

14.6. Email addresses and other channels for contractual exchanges are specified in the Order Invoice or agreed correspondence that allows the Parties to be reliably identified. The Order Invoice, materials, result, Certificate, comments, notices and approvals may be sent through them. If there are doubts concerning the sender or authority, the Service Provider may request confirmation. A change in the contact address or the recipient of the result is confirmed by the Client through the previously agreed channel or another reliable method.

14.7. The Parties permit the exchange of scanned copies of signed documents for contractual interaction and confirmation of the content of correspondence, unless mandatory legal requirements establish another form. A scanned copy is not automatically considered an electronic original bearing a qualified electronic signature. An electronic document may be signed with a simple or unqualified electronic signature where a procedure provided for by law or separately agreed by the Parties exists that allows the signatory to be identified. If necessary, the Parties agree on the exchange of paper originals or the use of an electronic document management system. The mere act of sending a document does not replace the recipient's consent or signature.

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